Definition
SEO is the discipline of making content the best answer to a search query and helping the search engine recognise that, through topics, structure, trust signals and technical health.

Why it matters

Searchers have already chosen to look for a solution, so the traffic arrives with intent. One good page can bring visitors for years with no cost per click. For a business selling to other businesses, it also reaches buyers during early research, before any shortlist exists. The trade-off is time. Results usually build over months, so SEO suits a business that can wait, and sits alongside a faster channel such as Paid search.

How to apply it

  1. Choose the question to answer, using Keyword research.
  2. Check what the results page already rewards. A list, a guide and a price page are different jobs. See Search intent.
  3. Write the page with one clear heading, sensible subheadings and the main term near the start.
  4. Fix technical basics: fast loading, clean addresses, a sitemap.
  5. Watch clicks and impressions in Google Search Console, and improve pages that are seen but not clicked.

What it is

Search engines such as Google try to show the most helpful page for each query. SEO is everything done to deserve that position without paying for a click. It has three parts that depend on each other.

  • Content answers the question a person typed, in the format they expect.
  • Technical health lets a crawler reach, read and index the page quickly. See Technical SEO.
  • Authority is the trust a site earns when credible sites link to it. See Backlinks.

Common mistakes

  • Writing for a term without looking at the results page first.
  • Publishing many thin pages instead of a few strong ones.
  • Buying links in bulk, which can lead to a penalty.
  • Judging results after a few weeks.
Worked example

Suppose a software firm publishes a guide on invoice reminders. Three months later the page is seen but not clicked. In Google Search Console, the page earns many impressions for its main query and a click rate under one per cent. The team compares the top results. The leaders open with a template and a short list of steps, while the firm's guide opens with three paragraphs of background. The team rewrites the opening around the template and checks the page against the competing results with SurferSEO. Over the following weeks the click rate on that query climbs.

Tools in the example

Some links are affiliate links: we may earn a commission at no cost to you. It never decides a ranking. How we work with partners

  1. Article

    Keyword research

    Picks the target query.

  2. Article

    Backlinks

    One of the main trust signals.

  3. Article

    Technical SEO

    Keeps the site readable for crawlers.

  4. Article

    Topical authority

    What builds when a site covers a subject in depth.

Where it shows up

  • Search engine optimisation (SEO) is getting found in search results without paying for ads. It is free in clicks but takes time and consistency to build.
    25 chapters